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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    binary_from_function,
     12    date_add_interval_sql,
     13    datestrtodate_sql,
     14    format_time_lambda,
     15    if_sql,
     16    inline_array_sql,
     17    json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
     18    max_or_greatest,
     19    min_or_least,
     20    no_ilike_sql,
     21    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     22    regexp_replace_sql,
     23    rename_func,
     24    timestrtotime_sql,
     25    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     26)
     27from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     28from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     29
     30logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     31
     32
     33def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     34    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     35        return self.values_sql(expression)
     36
     37    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     38
     39    structs = [
     40        exp.Struct(
     41            expressions=[
     42                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     43                for value, column_name in zip(
     44                    t.expressions,
     45                    alias.columns
     46                    if alias and alias.columns
     47                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     48                )
     49            ]
     50        )
     51        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     52    ]
     53
     54    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     55
     56
     57def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     58    this = expression.this
     59    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     60        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     61    else:
     62        this = self.sql(this)
     63    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     64
     65
     66def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     67    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     68    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     69
     70    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     71        expression = expression.copy()
     72        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     73
     74        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
     75            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     76
     77        return self.create_sql(expression)
     78
     79    return self.create_sql(expression)
     80
     81
     82def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     83    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     84
     85    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     86    """
     87    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     88
     89    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     90        unnest_aliases = {
     91            unnest.alias
     92            for unnest in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Unnest)
     93            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     94        }
     95        if unnest_aliases:
     96            for column in expression.find_all(exp.Column):
     97                if column.table in unnest_aliases:
     98                    column.set("table", None)
     99                elif column.db in unnest_aliases:
    100                    column.set("db", None)
    101
    102    return expression
    103
    104
    105# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    106# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    107# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    108# SELECT y + 1 z
    109# FROM x
    110# GROUP BY x + 1
    111# ORDER by z
    112def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    113    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    114        group = expression.args.get("group")
    115        order = expression.args.get("order")
    116
    117        if group and order:
    118            aliases = {
    119                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    120                for select in expression.selects
    121                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    122            }
    123
    124            for e in group.expressions:
    125                alias = aliases.get(e)
    126
    127                if alias:
    128                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    129
    130    return expression
    131
    132
    133def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    134    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    135    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    136        cte_query = expression.this
    137
    138        if cte_query.is_star:
    139            logger.warning(
    140                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    141                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    142            )
    143            return expression
    144
    145        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    146        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    147
    148        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    149            to_replace = select
    150
    151            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    152                select = select.this
    153
    154            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    155            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    156
    157    return expression
    158
    159
    160def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    161    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    162    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    163    return this
    164
    165
    166def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    167    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    168    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    169
    170
    171def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    172    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    173    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    174    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    175
    176
    177class BigQuery(Dialect):
    178    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    179    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    180    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    181    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    182
    183    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    184    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    185
    186    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    187    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    188
    189    TIME_MAPPING = {
    190        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    191    }
    192
    193    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
    194        "\\a": "\a",
    195        "\\b": "\b",
    196        "\\f": "\f",
    197        "\\n": "\n",
    198        "\\r": "\r",
    199        "\\t": "\t",
    200        "\\v": "\v",
    201    }
    202
    203    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    204        "DD": "%d",
    205        "MM": "%m",
    206        "MON": "%b",
    207        "MONTH": "%B",
    208        "YYYY": "%Y",
    209        "YY": "%y",
    210        "HH": "%I",
    211        "HH12": "%I",
    212        "HH24": "%H",
    213        "MI": "%M",
    214        "SS": "%S",
    215        "SSSSS": "%f",
    216        "TZH": "%z",
    217    }
    218
    219    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    220    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    221    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    222
    223    @classmethod
    224    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    225        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    226            parent = expression.parent
    227            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    228                parent = parent.parent
    229
    230            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    231            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    232            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    233            if (
    234                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    235                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    236                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    237            ):
    238                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    239
    240        return expression
    241
    242    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    243        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    244        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    245        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    246        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    247
    248        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    249
    250        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    251            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    252        ]
    253
    254        RAW_STRINGS = [
    255            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    256        ]
    257
    258        KEYWORDS = {
    259            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    260            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    261            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    262            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    263            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    264            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    265            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    266            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    267            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    268            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    269            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    270            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    271            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    272            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    273        }
    274        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    275
    276    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    277        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    278
    279        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    280
    281        FUNCTIONS = {
    282            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    283            "DATE": _parse_date,
    284            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    285            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    286            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    287                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    288                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    289            ),
    290            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    291            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    292            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    293            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    294            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    295            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    296            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    297                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    298            ),
    299            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    300            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    301            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    302                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    303                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    304                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    305                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    306                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    307            ),
    308            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    309            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    310            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    311                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    312                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    313                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    314            ),
    315            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    316            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    317            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    318            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    319            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    320        }
    321
    322        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    323            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    324            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    325        }
    326        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    327
    328        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    329            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    330            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    331        }
    332
    333        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    334            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    335            TokenType.TABLE,
    336        }
    337
    338        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    339            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    340            TokenType.VALUES,
    341        }
    342
    343        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    345            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    346                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    347            ),
    348            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    349        }
    350
    351        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    352            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    353            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    354        }
    355
    356        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    357        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    358
    359        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    360
    361        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    362            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    363
    364            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    365            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    366                table_name = this.name
    367                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    368                    self._advance(2)
    369                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    370
    371                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    372            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    373                table_name = this.name
    374
    375                if (
    376                    self._curr
    377                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    378                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    379                ):
    380                    table_name += self._prev.text
    381
    382                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    383
    384            return this
    385
    386        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    387            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    388            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    389                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    390                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    391                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    392                )
    393
    394                if rest and this:
    395                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    396
    397                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    398
    399            return table
    400
    401        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    402            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    403            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    404
    405            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    406            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    407            if (
    408                array_kv_pair
    409                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    410                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    411            ):
    412                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    413                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    414
    415                json_object.set(
    416                    "expressions",
    417                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    418                )
    419
    420            return json_object
    421
    422    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    423        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    424        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    425        JOIN_HINTS = False
    426        QUERY_HINTS = False
    427        TABLE_HINTS = False
    428        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    429        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    430        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    431        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    432        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    433
    434        TRANSFORMS = {
    435            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    436            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    437            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    438            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    439            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    440            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    441            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    442            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    443            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    444            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    445            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    446            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    447            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    448            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    449            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    450            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    451            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    452            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    453            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    454            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    455            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    456            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    457            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    458            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    459            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    460            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    461            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    462            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    463                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    464                e.this,
    465                e.expression,
    466                e.args.get("position"),
    467                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    468            ),
    469            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    470            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    471            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    472            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    473                [
    474                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    475                    _unqualify_unnest,
    476                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    477                    _alias_ordered_group,
    478                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    479                ]
    480            ),
    481            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    482                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    483            ),
    484            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    485            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    486            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    487            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    488            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    489                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    490            ),
    491            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    492            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    493            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    494            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    495            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    496            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    497            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    498            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    499            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    500            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    501            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    502        }
    503
    504        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    505            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    506            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    507            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    522            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    523            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    524            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    525            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    526        }
    527
    528        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    529            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    530            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    531            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    532        }
    533
    534        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    535        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    536            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    537            "all",
    538            "and",
    539            "any",
    540            "array",
    541            "as",
    542            "asc",
    543            "assert_rows_modified",
    544            "at",
    545            "between",
    546            "by",
    547            "case",
    548            "cast",
    549            "collate",
    550            "contains",
    551            "create",
    552            "cross",
    553            "cube",
    554            "current",
    555            "default",
    556            "define",
    557            "desc",
    558            "distinct",
    559            "else",
    560            "end",
    561            "enum",
    562            "escape",
    563            "except",
    564            "exclude",
    565            "exists",
    566            "extract",
    567            "false",
    568            "fetch",
    569            "following",
    570            "for",
    571            "from",
    572            "full",
    573            "group",
    574            "grouping",
    575            "groups",
    576            "hash",
    577            "having",
    578            "if",
    579            "ignore",
    580            "in",
    581            "inner",
    582            "intersect",
    583            "interval",
    584            "into",
    585            "is",
    586            "join",
    587            "lateral",
    588            "left",
    589            "like",
    590            "limit",
    591            "lookup",
    592            "merge",
    593            "natural",
    594            "new",
    595            "no",
    596            "not",
    597            "null",
    598            "nulls",
    599            "of",
    600            "on",
    601            "or",
    602            "order",
    603            "outer",
    604            "over",
    605            "partition",
    606            "preceding",
    607            "proto",
    608            "qualify",
    609            "range",
    610            "recursive",
    611            "respect",
    612            "right",
    613            "rollup",
    614            "rows",
    615            "select",
    616            "set",
    617            "some",
    618            "struct",
    619            "tablesample",
    620            "then",
    621            "to",
    622            "treat",
    623            "true",
    624            "unbounded",
    625            "union",
    626            "unnest",
    627            "using",
    628            "when",
    629            "where",
    630            "window",
    631            "with",
    632            "within",
    633        }
    634
    635        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    636            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    637            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    638                return "NULL"
    639
    640            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    641
    642        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    643            parent = expression.parent
    644
    645            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    646            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    647            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    648                return self.func(
    649                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    650                )
    651
    652            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    653
    654        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    655            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    656
    657        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    658            if expression.alias_column_names:
    659                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    660            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    661
    662        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    663            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    664            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    665                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    666
    667            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    668
    669        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    670            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    671
    672        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    673            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    674
    675        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    676            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    677
    678        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    679            return self.sql(expression)
    680
    681        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    682            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    683                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    684            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    685
    686        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    687            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    688                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    689            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    690
    691        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    692            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    693
    694        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    695            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    696                expression = expression.copy()
    697                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    698            return super().version_sql(expression)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    178class BigQuery(Dialect):
    179    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    180    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
    181    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    182    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    183
    184    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    185    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    186
    187    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    188    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    189
    190    TIME_MAPPING = {
    191        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    192    }
    193
    194    ESCAPE_SEQUENCES = {
    195        "\\a": "\a",
    196        "\\b": "\b",
    197        "\\f": "\f",
    198        "\\n": "\n",
    199        "\\r": "\r",
    200        "\\t": "\t",
    201        "\\v": "\v",
    202    }
    203
    204    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    205        "DD": "%d",
    206        "MM": "%m",
    207        "MON": "%b",
    208        "MONTH": "%B",
    209        "YYYY": "%Y",
    210        "YY": "%y",
    211        "HH": "%I",
    212        "HH12": "%I",
    213        "HH24": "%H",
    214        "MI": "%M",
    215        "SS": "%S",
    216        "SSSSS": "%f",
    217        "TZH": "%z",
    218    }
    219
    220    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
    221    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
    222    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
    223
    224    @classmethod
    225    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    226        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    227            parent = expression.parent
    228            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    229                parent = parent.parent
    230
    231            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    232            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    233            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    234            if (
    235                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    236                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    237                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    238            ):
    239                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    240
    241        return expression
    242
    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    245        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    246        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    247        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    248
    249        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    250
    251        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    252            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    253        ]
    254
    255        RAW_STRINGS = [
    256            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    257        ]
    258
    259        KEYWORDS = {
    260            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    261            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    262            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    263            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    264            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    265            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    266            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    267            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    268            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    269            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    270            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    271            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    272            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    273            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    274        }
    275        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    276
    277    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    278        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    279
    280        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    281
    282        FUNCTIONS = {
    283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    284            "DATE": _parse_date,
    285            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    286            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    287            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    288                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    289                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    290            ),
    291            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    292            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    293            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    294            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    295            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    296            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    297            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    298                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    299            ),
    300            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    301            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    302            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    305                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    306                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    307                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    308            ),
    309            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    310            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    311            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    312                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    314                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    315            ),
    316            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    317            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    318            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    319            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    320            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    321        }
    322
    323        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    324            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    325            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    326        }
    327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    331            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    332        }
    333
    334        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    335            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    336            TokenType.TABLE,
    337        }
    338
    339        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    340            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    341            TokenType.VALUES,
    342        }
    343
    344        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    345            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    346            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    347                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    348            ),
    349            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    350        }
    351
    352        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    353            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    354            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    355        }
    356
    357        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    358        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    359
    360        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    361
    362        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    363            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    364
    365            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    366            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    367                table_name = this.name
    368                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    369                    self._advance(2)
    370                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    371
    372                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    373            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    374                table_name = this.name
    375
    376                if (
    377                    self._curr
    378                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    379                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    380                ):
    381                    table_name += self._prev.text
    382
    383                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    384
    385            return this
    386
    387        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    388            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    389            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    390                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    391                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    392                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    393                )
    394
    395                if rest and this:
    396                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    397
    398                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    399
    400            return table
    401
    402        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    403            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    404            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    405
    406            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    407            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    408            if (
    409                array_kv_pair
    410                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    411                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    412            ):
    413                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    414                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    415
    416                json_object.set(
    417                    "expressions",
    418                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    419                )
    420
    421            return json_object
    422
    423    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    424        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    425        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    426        JOIN_HINTS = False
    427        QUERY_HINTS = False
    428        TABLE_HINTS = False
    429        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    430        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    431        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    432        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    433        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    434
    435        TRANSFORMS = {
    436            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    437            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    438            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    439            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    440            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    441            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    442            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    443            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    444            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    445            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    446            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    447            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    448            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    449            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    450            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    451            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    452            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    453            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    454            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    455            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    456            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    457            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    458            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    459            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    460            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    461            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    462            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    463            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    464                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    465                e.this,
    466                e.expression,
    467                e.args.get("position"),
    468                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    469            ),
    470            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    471            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    472            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    473            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    474                [
    475                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    476                    _unqualify_unnest,
    477                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    478                    _alias_ordered_group,
    479                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    480                ]
    481            ),
    482            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    483                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    484            ),
    485            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    486            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    487            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    488            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    489            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    490                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    491            ),
    492            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    493            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    494            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    495            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    496            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    497            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    498            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    499            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    500            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    501            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    502            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    503        }
    504
    505        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    506            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    507            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    522            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    523            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    524            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    525            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    526            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    527        }
    528
    529        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    530            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    531            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    532            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    533        }
    534
    535        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    536        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    537            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    538            "all",
    539            "and",
    540            "any",
    541            "array",
    542            "as",
    543            "asc",
    544            "assert_rows_modified",
    545            "at",
    546            "between",
    547            "by",
    548            "case",
    549            "cast",
    550            "collate",
    551            "contains",
    552            "create",
    553            "cross",
    554            "cube",
    555            "current",
    556            "default",
    557            "define",
    558            "desc",
    559            "distinct",
    560            "else",
    561            "end",
    562            "enum",
    563            "escape",
    564            "except",
    565            "exclude",
    566            "exists",
    567            "extract",
    568            "false",
    569            "fetch",
    570            "following",
    571            "for",
    572            "from",
    573            "full",
    574            "group",
    575            "grouping",
    576            "groups",
    577            "hash",
    578            "having",
    579            "if",
    580            "ignore",
    581            "in",
    582            "inner",
    583            "intersect",
    584            "interval",
    585            "into",
    586            "is",
    587            "join",
    588            "lateral",
    589            "left",
    590            "like",
    591            "limit",
    592            "lookup",
    593            "merge",
    594            "natural",
    595            "new",
    596            "no",
    597            "not",
    598            "null",
    599            "nulls",
    600            "of",
    601            "on",
    602            "or",
    603            "order",
    604            "outer",
    605            "over",
    606            "partition",
    607            "preceding",
    608            "proto",
    609            "qualify",
    610            "range",
    611            "recursive",
    612            "respect",
    613            "right",
    614            "rollup",
    615            "rows",
    616            "select",
    617            "set",
    618            "some",
    619            "struct",
    620            "tablesample",
    621            "then",
    622            "to",
    623            "treat",
    624            "true",
    625            "unbounded",
    626            "union",
    627            "unnest",
    628            "using",
    629            "when",
    630            "where",
    631            "window",
    632            "with",
    633            "within",
    634        }
    635
    636        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    637            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    638            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    639                return "NULL"
    640
    641            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    642
    643        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    644            parent = expression.parent
    645
    646            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    647            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    648            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    651                )
    652
    653            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    654
    655        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    656            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    657
    658        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    659            if expression.alias_column_names:
    660                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    661            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    662
    663        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    664            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    665            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    666                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    667
    668            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    669
    670        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    672
    673        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    674            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    675
    676        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    677            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    678
    679        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    680            return self.sql(expression)
    681
    682        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    683            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    684                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    685            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    686
    687        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    688            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    689                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    690            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    691
    692        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    693            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    694
    695        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    696            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    697                expression = expression.copy()
    698                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    699            return super().version_sql(expression)

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    224    @classmethod
    225    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    226        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    227            parent = expression.parent
    228            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    229                parent = parent.parent
    230
    231            # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    232            # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    233            # not they're qualified. It also avoids normalizing UDFs, because they're case-sensitive.
    234            if (
    235                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    236                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    237                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    238            ):
    239                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    240
    241        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized to lowercase regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    243    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    244        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    245        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    246        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    247        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    248
    249        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    250
    251        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    252            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    253        ]
    254
    255        RAW_STRINGS = [
    256            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    257        ]
    258
    259        KEYWORDS = {
    260            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    261            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    262            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    263            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    264            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    265            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    266            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    267            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    268            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    269            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    270            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    271            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    272            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    273            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    274        }
    275        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}
ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b'}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    277    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    278        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    279
    280        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    281
    282        FUNCTIONS = {
    283            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    284            "DATE": _parse_date,
    285            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    286            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    287            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    288                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    289                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    290            ),
    291            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    292            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    293            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    294            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    295            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    296            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    297            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    298                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    299            ),
    300            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    301            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    302            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    305                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    306                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    307                group=exp.Literal.number(1) if re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1 else None,
    308            ),
    309            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    310            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    311            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    312                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    313                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    314                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    315            ),
    316            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    317            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    318            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    319            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    320            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    321        }
    322
    323        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    324            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    325            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    326        }
    327        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    328
    329        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    330            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    331            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    332        }
    333
    334        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    335            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    336            TokenType.TABLE,
    337        }
    338
    339        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    340            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    341            TokenType.VALUES,
    342        }
    343
    344        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    345            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    346            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    347                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    348            ),
    349            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    350        }
    351
    352        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    353            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    354            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    355        }
    356
    357        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    358        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS, None)
    359
    360        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    361
    362        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    363            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    364
    365            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    366            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    367                table_name = this.name
    368                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    369                    self._advance(2)
    370                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    371
    372                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    373            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    374                table_name = this.name
    375
    376                if (
    377                    self._curr
    378                    and self._prev.end == self._curr.start - 1
    379                    and self._parse_var(any_token=True)
    380                ):
    381                    table_name += self._prev.text
    382
    383                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    384
    385            return this
    386
    387        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    388            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    389            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    390                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    391                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    392                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    393                )
    394
    395                if rest and this:
    396                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    397
    398                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    399
    400            return table
    401
    402        def _parse_json_object(self) -> exp.JSONObject:
    403            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    404            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    405
    406            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    407            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    408            if (
    409                array_kv_pair
    410                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    411                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    412            ):
    413                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    414                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    415
    416                json_object.set(
    417                    "expressions",
    418                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    419                )
    420
    421            return json_object

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>}
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
TOKENIZER_CLASS: Type[sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer] = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  CLONE_KINDS
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    423    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    424        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    425        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    426        JOIN_HINTS = False
    427        QUERY_HINTS = False
    428        TABLE_HINTS = False
    429        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    430        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    431        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    432        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
    433        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
    434
    435        TRANSFORMS = {
    436            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    437            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    438            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    439            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    440            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    441            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    442            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    443            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    444            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    445            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    446            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    447            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    448            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    449            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    450            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    451            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    452            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    453            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
    454            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    455            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    456            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    457            exp.JSONKeyValue: json_keyvalue_comma_sql,
    458            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    459            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    460            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    461            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    462            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    463            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    464                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    465                e.this,
    466                e.expression,
    467                e.args.get("position"),
    468                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    469            ),
    470            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    471            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    472            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    473            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    474                [
    475                    transforms.explode_to_unnest(),
    476                    _unqualify_unnest,
    477                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    478                    _alias_ordered_group,
    479                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    480                ]
    481            ),
    482            exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func(
    483                f"SHA256" if e.text("length") == "256" else "SHA512", e.this
    484            ),
    485            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    486            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    487            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    488            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    489            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    490                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    491            ),
    492            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    493            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    494            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    495            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    496            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    497            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    498            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    499            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    500            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    501            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    502            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    503        }
    504
    505        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    506            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    507            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    508            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    509            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    510            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    511            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    512            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    513            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    514            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    515            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    516            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    517            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    518            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    519            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    520            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    521            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    522            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    523            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    524            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    525            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    526            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    527        }
    528
    529        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    530            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    531            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    532            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    533        }
    534
    535        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    536        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    537            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    538            "all",
    539            "and",
    540            "any",
    541            "array",
    542            "as",
    543            "asc",
    544            "assert_rows_modified",
    545            "at",
    546            "between",
    547            "by",
    548            "case",
    549            "cast",
    550            "collate",
    551            "contains",
    552            "create",
    553            "cross",
    554            "cube",
    555            "current",
    556            "default",
    557            "define",
    558            "desc",
    559            "distinct",
    560            "else",
    561            "end",
    562            "enum",
    563            "escape",
    564            "except",
    565            "exclude",
    566            "exists",
    567            "extract",
    568            "false",
    569            "fetch",
    570            "following",
    571            "for",
    572            "from",
    573            "full",
    574            "group",
    575            "grouping",
    576            "groups",
    577            "hash",
    578            "having",
    579            "if",
    580            "ignore",
    581            "in",
    582            "inner",
    583            "intersect",
    584            "interval",
    585            "into",
    586            "is",
    587            "join",
    588            "lateral",
    589            "left",
    590            "like",
    591            "limit",
    592            "lookup",
    593            "merge",
    594            "natural",
    595            "new",
    596            "no",
    597            "not",
    598            "null",
    599            "nulls",
    600            "of",
    601            "on",
    602            "or",
    603            "order",
    604            "outer",
    605            "over",
    606            "partition",
    607            "preceding",
    608            "proto",
    609            "qualify",
    610            "range",
    611            "recursive",
    612            "respect",
    613            "right",
    614            "rollup",
    615            "rows",
    616            "select",
    617            "set",
    618            "some",
    619            "struct",
    620            "tablesample",
    621            "then",
    622            "to",
    623            "treat",
    624            "true",
    625            "unbounded",
    626            "union",
    627            "unnest",
    628            "using",
    629            "when",
    630            "where",
    631            "window",
    632            "with",
    633            "within",
    634        }
    635
    636        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    637            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    638            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    639                return "NULL"
    640
    641            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    642
    643        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    644            parent = expression.parent
    645
    646            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    647            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    648            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    651                )
    652
    653            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    654
    655        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    656            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    657
    658        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    659            if expression.alias_column_names:
    660                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    661            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    662
    663        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    664            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    665            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    666                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    667
    668            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    669
    670        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    672
    673        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    674            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    675
    676        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    677            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    678
    679        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    680            return self.sql(expression)
    681
    682        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    683            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    684                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    685            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    686
    687        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    688            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    689                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    690            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    691
    692        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    693            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))
    694
    695        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    696            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    697                expression = expression.copy()
    698                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    699            return super().version_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONKeyValue'>: <function json_keyvalue_comma_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'full', 'groups', 'case', 'select', 'preceding', 'any', 'then', 'cross', 'with', 'lateral', 'true', 'if', 'within', 'is', 'having', 'nulls', 'end', 'struct', 'and', 'recursive', 'join', 'or', 'to', 'all', 'desc', 'no', 'group', 'escape', 'ignore', 'cast', 'order', 'into', 'fetch', 'natural', 'null', 'qualify', 'exists', 'like', 'cube', 'collate', 'distinct', 'not', 'inner', 'treat', 'define', 'for', 'window', 'intersect', 'array', 'new', 'contains', 'over', 'partition', 'from', 'left', 'set', 'default', 'grouping', 'outer', 'asc', 'except', 'assert_rows_modified', 'lookup', 'tablesample', 'right', 'when', 'following', 'using', 'else', 'on', 'proto', 'range', 'where', 'current', 'union', 'respect', 'as', 'false', 'extract', 'create', 'of', 'at', 'exclude', 'limit', 'interval', 'hash', 'rollup', 'unnest', 'rows', 'in', 'enum', 'unbounded', 'between', 'by', 'merge', 'some'}
def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    636        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    637            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    638            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    639                return "NULL"
    640
    641            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    643        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    644            parent = expression.parent
    645
    646            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    647            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    648            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    649                return self.func(
    650                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    651                )
    652
    653            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    655        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    656            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    658        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    659            if expression.alias_column_names:
    660                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    661            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    663        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    664            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    665            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    666                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    667
    668            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    670        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    671            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    673        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    674            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    676        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    677            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    679        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    680            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    682        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    683            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    684                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    685            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    687        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    688            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    689                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    690            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    692        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    693            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    695        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    696            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    697                expression = expression.copy()
    698                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    699            return super().version_sql(expression)

LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
INVERSE_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v'}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    279    @classmethod
    280    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    281        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    282
    283        Args:
    284            text: The text to check.
    285            identify:
    286                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    287                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    288
    289        Returns:
    290            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    291        """
    292        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    293            return True
    294
    295        if identify == "safe":
    296            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    297
    298        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
TOKENIZER_CLASS = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  SUPPORTS_PARAMETERS
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
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  bracket_sql
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  constraint_sql
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  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
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  jsoncolumndef_sql
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  alias_sql
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  bitwiseand_sql
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  cast_sql
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  mergetreettlaction_sql
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  altercolumn_sql
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  droppartition_sql
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  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
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  intdiv_sql
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  escape_sql
  glob_sql
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  ilike_sql
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  is_sql
  like_sql
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  similarto_sql
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  oncluster_sql
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  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
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